| 单词 | deer |
| 释义 | deer[diə]n. 鹿 deer deer AHD: [dîr] D.J. [d!*]K.K. [d!r]n.（名词） 【复数】 deer Any of various hoofed ruminant mammals of the family Cervidae, characteristically having deciduous antlers borne chiefly by the males. The deer family also includes the elk, moose, caribou, and reindeer.鹿：鹿科动物中的任何一种有蹄的反刍哺乳动物，特征是雄鹿生有会脱落的角。鹿科动物也包括驼鹿、麋、北美驯鹿以及驯鹿语源:1. Middle English der [beast] 中古英语 der [野兽] 2. from Old English d¶or 源自 古英语 d¶or 注释:In various Middle English textsone finds a fish, an ant, or a fox called ader, the Middle English ancestor of our worddeer. In its Old English formd¶or, our word referred to any animal, including members of the deer family,and continued to do so in Middle English,although it took on the specific sense “a deer.”By the end of the Middle English period, around 1500,the general sense had all but disappeared. Deer is a commonly cited example of a semantic process called specialization,by which the range of meaning of a word is narrowed or restricted.When Shakespeare uses the expression “mice and rats, and such small deer” for Edgar's diet inKing Lear, probably written in 1605, we are not sure whetherdeer has the general or the specific sense. 在各种各样的中世纪英语文章中，人们可以发现鱼、蚂蚁或狐狸被称为der ， 这是单词deer 在中世纪英语中的雏形。 该词的古英语形式为deor， 指任何一种动物， 包括鹿科动物的成员，该用法一直延续到中世纪英语中。尽管当时该词接纳了“鹿”这一特定的意思，但到中世纪英语时期结束时，大约是1500年，该词的普通意思全部消失了。 Deer 常被引用作为语意变迁过程中的特殊化的例子，通过特殊化的过程，单词的语意范围缩小了，或受到了限制。当莎士比亚在大约1605年写李尔王 的时候，用“mice and rats，and such small deer”来表示爱德加的饮食时， 我们无法确定deer 是指普通意思还是指其特定的意思 |
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