| 单词 | desert |
| 释义 | desert['dezət, di'sə:t]n. 沙漠, 应得的赏罚, 功劳a. 沙漠的, 不毛的vt. 放弃, 遗弃, 擅离vi. 逃掉 desert 1 desert 1 AHD: [dµz“…rt] D.J. [6dez*t]K.K. [6dWz*t]n.（名词）1. A barren or desolate area, especially:荒地：贫瘠的或荒芜的区域，尤其指：2. A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation.沙漠：下雨很少，温度极高，植被贫乏的干燥，通常多沙的地区3. A region of permanent cold that is largely or entirely devoid of life.冰原：长久寒冷，几乎没有生命的区域4. An apparently lifeless area of water.死水：明显无生命的水域5. An empty or forsaken place; a wasteland:荒地，荒原：空旷，荒芜的地方；荒地：a cultural desert.文化荒原6. Archaic A wild, uncultivated, and uninhabited region.【古语】 不毛之地：荒凉的，未经开垦的，无人居住的区域adj.（形容词）1. Of, relating to, characteristic of, or inhabiting a desert:荒凉的，荒芜的：沙漠的，与沙漠有关的，多沙漠的，居住在沙漠的：desert fauna.生长在荒原上的动物群2. Barren and uninhabited; desolate:荒凉的，不毛的：贫瘠而无人居住的；荒芜的，废弃的：a desert island.荒凉的岛语源:1. Middle English 中古英语 2. from Old French 源自 古法语 3. from Late Latin d¶sertum [from neuter past participle of] d¶serere [to desert] * see desert 3源自 后期拉丁语 d¶sertum [] 源自d¶serere的中性过去分词 [荒废] *参见 desert3 desert 2 desert 2 AHD: [d¹-zûrt“] D.J. [d!6zT8t]K.K. [d!6zPt]n.（名词）1. Often deserts Something that is deserved or merited, especially a punishment:常作 deserts 值得，应得：应得的东西（尤指惩罚）：They got their just deserts when the scheme was finally uncovered.当阴谋最终被揭露时，他们得到了他们应得的惩罚2. The state or fact of deserving reward or punishment.受罚，受赏：应得到奖赏或惩罚的状态或事实语源:1. Middle English 中古英语 2. from Old French deserte [from feminine past participle of] deservir [to deserve] * see deserve 源自 古法语 deserte [] 源自deservir的阴性过去分词 [应得] *参见 deserve注释:When Shakespeare says in Sonnet 72,“Unless you would devise some virtuous lie,/To do more for me than mine own desert,”he is using the worddesert in the sense of “worthiness; deserving,” a word that is perhaps most familiar to us in the plural, meaning “something that is deserved,”as in the phrasejust deserts. This word goes back to the Latin wordd¶serv&9{ºre,} “to devote oneself to the service of,”which in Vulgar Latin came to mean “to merit by service.” D¶serv&9{ºre} is made up ofd¶-, meaning “thoroughly,” and serv&9{ºre,} “to serve.” Knowing this,we can distinguish thisdesert from desert, “a wasteland,” and desert, “to abandon,” both of which go back to Latind¶serere, “to forsake, leave uninhabited,” which is made up ofd¶-, expressing the notion of undoing, and the verb serere, “to link together.” We can also distinguish all threedeserts from dessert, “a sweet course at the end of a meal,” which is from the French worddesservir, “to clear the table.” Desservir is made up ofdes-, expressing the notion of reversal, and servir (from Latin serv&9{ºre} ), “to serve,” hence, “to unserve” or “to clear the table.”当莎士比亚在第72首十四行诗中说：“除非你能编出善意的谎言/把我说得比我本人强得多”，这里desert 的意思就是“应得的东西”。 对这个词，我们最熟悉的大概是其复数形式（意思是“应得的东西”）。例如在词组just deserts 中。 该词的起源可以追溯到拉丁词deservire ， 意为“为…而献身”，在俗拉丁语中，意思就变成了“依据服务应得…”。 Deservire 由de- 意思是“完全地，彻底地”和 servire “服务”组成。 知道了这些，我们就可以把desert 与 desert “荒原”和 desert “放弃”区别开来。 后面两个意义可追溯到拉丁语deserere “遗弃，无人居住”， 它由de- 表示“不做”的概念和动词 serere “连接到一起”组成。 我们也能把所有这三个deserts 与 dessert “正餐最后上的一道甜食”区分开来， 后者来自法语词desservir “收拾桌子”。 Desservir 由表达“反，逆”概念的des- 和 servir 组成（来自拉丁语 servire ）， 意为“服务”、“因此“、“不上菜”或“清理桌子” desert 3 desert 3 AHD: [d¹-zûrt“] D.J. [d!6zT8t]K.K. [d!6zPt]v.（动词） de.sert.ed,de.sert.ing,de.serts v.tr.（及物动词）1. To leave empty or alone; abandon.遗弃；放弃：留下空白或使独自；抛弃2. To withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; forsake:远离，遗弃：远离，尤指不管责任或义务而远离；放弃：deserted her friend in a time of need.抛弃了需要她的朋友3. To abandon (a military post, for example) in violation of orders or an oath.誓绝：以命令或以誓言强制放弃（军队官职等）v.intr.（不及物动词）To forsake one's duty or post, especially to be absent without leave from the armed forces with no intention of returning.擅离职守：放弃职责或岗位，尤指从军队中开小差语源:1. French déserter 法语 déserter 2. from Late Latin d¶sert³re 源自 后期拉丁语 d¶sert³re 3. from Latin d¶serere d¶sert- [to abandon] 源自 拉丁语 d¶serere d¶sert- [放弃] 4. d¶- [de-] d¶- [前缀，表“放弃”] 5. serere [to join] * see ser- 2serere [参加] *参见 ser- 2继承用法:desert“er n.（名词） |
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