| 单词 | mattress |
| 释义 | mattress['mætris]n. 床垫, 空气垫, 沉床【医】 褥子, 床垫 mattress mat.tress AHD: [m²t“r¹s] D.J. [6m#tr!s]K.K. [6m#tr!s]n.（名词）1. A usually rectangular pad of heavy cloth filled with soft material or an arrangement of coiled springs, used as or on a bed.褥垫，床垫：通常为长方形的棉布垫，内装柔软材料或排列好的弹簧，常用于床上2. An airtight inflatable pad used as or on a bed or as a cushion.气垫：充气垫子，用作床或放在床上3. A closely woven mat of brush and poles used to protect an embankment, a dike, or a dam from erosion.（用以护堤、坝等的）柴排，沉排，沉床：荆棘和杆子的密织席，用于保护堤、坝，使不受侵蚀语源:1. Middle English mattresse 中古英语 mattresse 2. from Old French materas 源自 古法语 materas 3. from Old Italian materasso 源自 古意大利语 materasso 4. and from Medieval Latin matracium 并源自 中世纪拉丁语 matracium 5. both from Arabic ma&9{Úra&9{¡}} [place where something is thrown, mat, cushion] 都源自 阿拉伯语 ma&9{Úra&9{¡}} [放于某物被扔、铺席于或掩盖的地方] 6. from &9{Úara&9{¡}a} [to throw] 源自 &9{Úara&9{¡}a} [扔，掷] 注释:The history of the wordmattress is a small lesson in the way amenities have come to Europe from the Middle East. During the earlier part of the Middle Ages,Arabic culture was more advanced than that of Europe.One of the amenities of life enjoyed by the Arabs was sleeping on cushions thrown on the floor.Derived from the Arabic word&9{Úara&9{¡}a,} “to throw,” the word ma&9{Úra&9{¡}} meant “place where something is thrown” and “mat, cushion.”This kind of sleeping surface was adopted by the Europeans during the Crusades,and the Arabic word was taken into Italian (materasso ) and then into Old French ( materas ), from which comes the Middle English wordmateras , first recorded in a work written around 1300. The Arabic word also became Medieval Latinmatracium, another source of our word.mattress 这个词的由来是康乐设施从中东传到英国的一个小小见证。 中世纪早期，阿拉伯人的文化要比欧洲文化进步。阿拉伯人生活中享受的一个康乐设施就是睡在铺在地上的垫子上。由阿拉伯语中的词taraha “扔”派生出来的词 matrah ， 意思是“铺着东西的地方”和“垫子，沙发”。这种睡觉方式被十字军东征时期的欧洲人采用，这个阿拉伯词因此进入意大利语(materasso )和古法语( materas )。 从这两个词又引出最早出现于1300年左右的一部著作中的中古英语词汇materas 。 这个阿拉伯词同时也被收入中世纪拉丁语，即matracium ， 这也是我们这个单词的另一个来源 |
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