| 单词 | penalty |
| 释义 | penalty['penəlti]n. 处罚, 刑罚, 罚款, 罚球, 报应, 不利结果, 妨碍【经】 罚金(款), 违约金 penalty pen.al.ty AHD: [pµn“…l-t¶] D.J. [6pen*lti8]K.K. [6pWn*lti]n.（名词） 【复数】 pen.al.ties 1. A punishment established by law or authority for a crime or an offense.惩罚，刑罚，处罚：由法律或权力当局制订的对罪犯或犯法行为的惩罚2. Something, especially a sum of money, required as a forfeit for an offense.罚金：尤指一笔钱等受处罚而交纳的东西3. The disadvantage or painful consequences resulting from an action or a condition:不利结果，损失：由于某种行为或状况而导致的不利或令人痛苦的结果：neglected his health and paid the penalty.他忽视身体健康而自食苦果4. Sports A punishment, handicap, or loss of advantage imposed on a team or competitor for infraction of a rule.【体育运动】 罚球，罚分，罚下场：体育比赛中对犯规的赛队或运动员所施加的惩罚、障碍或不利条件5. Often penalties Games Points scored in contract bridge by the opponents when the declarer fails to make a bid.常作 penalties 【游戏】 桥牌罚分：桥牌中因未能叫牌而被对方减的罚分n.attributive.（定语名词）Often used to modify another noun:常用于修饰其它名词：a penalty kick; a penalty stroke.罚球，罚点球；罚击语源:1. Middle English penalte 中古英语 penalte 2. from Old French penalite 源自 古法语 penalite 3. from Medieval Latin poen³lit³s 源自 中世纪拉丁语 poen³lit³s 4. from Latin poen³lis [penal] * see penal 源自 拉丁语 poen³lis [惩罚的] *参见 penal |
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