| 单词 | prison |
| 释义 | prison['prizn]n. 监狱, 监禁, 拘留所vt. 监禁【法】 监狱, 牢狱, 看守所相关词组:cast sb into prisonput sb into prisonbe taken to prisonin prisongo to prisonbe in prison prison pris.on AHD: [pr¹z“…n] D.J. [6pr!z*n]K.K. [6pr!z*n]n.（名词）1. A place where persons convicted or accused of crimes are confined; a penitentiary or a jail.监狱，拘留所：监禁被指控或认定有罪的人的地方；拘留所或监狱2. A place or condition of confinement or forcible restraint.监禁室，拘留：监禁或扣留某人的地方或状况3. A state of imprisonment or captivity.监禁，下狱：被关押或囚禁的状态v.tr.（及物动词） pris.oned,pris.on.ing,pris.ons To confine in a prison; imprison.监禁：关在监狱中；使下狱语源:1. Middle English 中古英语 2. from Old French 源自 古法语 3. alteration influenced by Old French pris [taken] 受 古法语 pris的影响 [被捉住] 4. of Latin pr¶nsi½ pr¶nsi½n- [a seizing] 拉丁语 pr¶nsi½的变化 pr¶nsi½n- [捕捉] 5. from *preh¶nsi½ 源自 *preh¶nsi½ 6. from preh¶nsus [past participle of] prehendere [to seize] * see ghend- 源自 preh¶nsus [] prehendere的过去分词 [抓住，逮捕] *参见 ghend- 注释:The wordprison has its origins not in the notions of what such a place is but rather in the notion of how one gets there. Prison can be traced back to the Latin word pr¶nsi½, “the action or power of making an arrest.” This in turn is derived from the verbprehendere or prendere, which meant “to take hold of, take into custody, arrest.”Pr¶nsi½ then dives into the obscurity of the time when Romance languages such as French were being formed from Vulgar Latin and resurfaces in the Old French of the 12th century with the formprison and the senses “capture” and “place of imprisonment.”This new sense could have already been developed in Latinand not been recorded,but we have to wait until the 12th century to see it,the sense “captivity” being added in the same century.From Old French as well as the Medieval Latin wordpriso, “prison,” derived from Old French, came our Middle English word prisoun, first recorded in a work written before 1121in the sense “imprisonment.”The sense “place of imprisonment” is recorded shortly afterward in a text copied down before 1225but perhaps actually written in the Old English period before the Norman Conquest.Prison 这个单词的来源不在于它是一个什么样的地方而在于一个人是怎么进去的。 Prison 可追溯到意思是“进行逮捕的行动或力量”的拉丁词 prensio。 这个词也是从动词prehendere 或 prendere 派生出来的， 意思是“捉住，逮捕，拘留。”Prensio 这个词在罗马语系中的语言（如法语）逐渐从通俗拉丁语形成时被人们忘却了， 12世纪又以prison 的形式在古法语中重新露面， 其含义是“捉住”和“囚禁人的地方。”这个新的含义很可能在拉丁语中已得到了发展，只是没有被记录下来，但是我们直到12世纪才看到它，在同一世纪“囚禁，俘虏”的意思被加了进去。从古法语、同时也是从源于古法语的中世纪拉丁语词priso “监狱，监禁”中产生了中古英语单词 prison， 这个词最早的记录是在一部著于1121年的作品中，意思是“监禁，拘留。”“监禁或囚禁的地方”这层意思在稍后出现的、在1225年以前被抄录下来的一篇文章中出现，但可能实际写作的时间是在诺曼征服之前的古英语时期 |
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