| 单词 | sanction |
| 释义 | sanction['sæŋkʃən]n. 核准, 制裁, 处罚, 约束力vt. 制定制裁规则, 认可, 核准, 同意【经】 制裁, 银行同意的透支额 sanction sanc.tion AHD: [s²ngk“sh…n] D.J. [6s#0k.*n]K.K. [6s#0k.*n]n.（名词）1. Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid.See Synonyms at permission 批准，认可：使某种行为有效的官方批准或承认参见 permission2. Support or encouragement, as from public opinion or established custom.鼓励，支持：公众舆论或习俗给予的支持或鼓励3. A consideration, an influence, or a principle that dictates an ethical choice.约束力，影响力：决定伦理选择的考虑、影响力或原则4. A law or decree.法律或法令5. The penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.制裁，处罚：法律或法令中明文规定的对不遵守其规定的处罚6. A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliance or conformity.道德制裁：确保顺从或一致的处罚，明文规定或以精神上压制的形式7. A coercive measure adopted usually by several nations acting together against a nation violating international law.国际制裁：通常指几国对一国违反国际法行为的合力制裁措施v.tr.（及物动词） sanc.tioned,sanc.tion.ing,sanc.tions 1. To give official authorization or approval to:批准：给予官方的授权或批准：“The president, we are told, has sanctioned greed at the cost of compassion”(&b{David Rankin})“据说董事长已批示以贪婪而不以怜悯为方针”(戴维·兰金)2. To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval.See Synonyms at approve 鼓励，容忍：以给予许可的方式支持或容忍参见 approve语源:1. Middle English [enactment of a law] 中古英语 [法令的执行] 2. from Old French [ecclesiastical decree] 源自 古法语 [教会的律令] 3. from Latin s³ncti½ s³ncti½n- [binding law, penal sanction] 源自 拉丁语 s³ncti½ s³ncti½n- [具有约束力的法令，制裁批准] 4. from s³nctus [holy] * see sanctify 源自 s³nctus [神圣的] *参见 sanctify |
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