| 单词 | scold |
| 释义 | scold[skəuld]n. 好骂街的人, 责骂vt. 责骂vi. 责骂【法】 干扰邻里的妇女, 好骂街的泼妇; 责骂, 叱责 scold scold AHD: [sk½ld] D.J. [sk*&ld]K.K. [skold]v.（动词） scold.ed,scold.ing,scolds v.tr.（及物动词）To reprimand or criticize harshly and usually angrily.责骂：严厉地且通常愤怒地责备或批评v.intr.（不及物动词）To reprove or criticize openly.谩骂：公开谴责或批评n.（名词）One who persistently nags or criticizes:喜谩骂的人：经常唠叨或批评的人：“As a critic gets older, he or she usually grows more tetchy and . . . may even become a big-league scold”(&b{James Wolcott})“当一个批评家衰老的时候，通常变得更为暴躁…甚至会成为一流的骂街者”(詹姆斯·沃尔科特)语源:1. Middle English scolden [to rail at] 中古英语 scolden [攻击] 2. from scolde [an abusive person] 源自 scolde [谩骂者] 3. [probably of Scandinavian origin] * see sek w- 3[可能源于斯堪的纳维亚语] *参见 sek w- 3继承用法:scold“er n.（名词）scold“ingly adv.（副词）参考词汇:1. scold,upbraid,berate,revile,vituperate,rail2. These verbs mean to reprimand or criticize angrily or vehemently.这些动词意为愤怒或恶毒地斥责或批评。3. Scold implies an annoyed or bad-tempered reproof: Scold 暗示恼怒或坏脾气： The young woman's parents scolded her for questioning their authority.这年轻女人的父母因她对他们的权威提出质疑而斥骂她。4. Upbraid generally suggests a well-founded reproach,as one leveled by an authority: Upbraid 通常指有充分理由的责备，如来自权威的责备： “upbraided him for not having worn his overcoat” (Arnold Bennett).“因他没穿外套而责骂他” （阿诺尔德·本涅特）。5. Berate suggests scolding or rebuking angrily and at length: Berate 指长时间愤怒地责备或谴责： The dissatisfied customer berated the florist.不满意的顾客责骂花商。6. Revile andvituperate especially stress the use of disparaging or abusive language: Revile 和vituperate 特别强调用贬损性或辱骂性的语言： “The incensed priests . . . continued to raise their voices, vituperating each other in bad Latin” (Sir Walter Scott).“激怒了的牧师提高了嗓音，用很脏的拉丁语相互辱骂” （沃特尔·司各脱）。7. Rail suggests bitter, harsh, or denunciatory language: Rail 指用尖刻、严厉或指责的语言： “Why rail at fate? The mischief is your own” (John Greenleaf Whittier).“为什么要抱怨命运呢? 错过在于你自己” （约翰·格林利夫·惠蒂埃）注释:A scold is no poet and a scolding is not poetry, at least to the one being scolded,but it seems that the wordscold has a poetic background. It is probable thatscold, which is first recorded in Middle English in a work probably composed around 1150, has a Scandinavian source that is related to the Old Icelandic wordsk³ld, “poet.” Middle Englishscolde may in fact mean “a minstrel,” but of that we are not sure.However, its Middle English meanings, “a ribald, abusive person” and “a shrewish, chiding woman,”may be related tosk³ld, as shown by the senses of some of the Old Icelandic words derived fromsk³ld. Old Icelandicsk³ldskapr, for example, meant “poetry” in a good sense but also “a libel in verse,” whilesk³ld-stöng meant “a pole with imprecations or charms scratched on it.” It would seem that libelous, cursing verse was a noted part of at least some poets' productions and that this association with poets passed firmly along with the Scandinavian borrowing into English.骂人者不是诗人，谩骂不是诗，至少对被骂的人来说是这样的，但是scold 这个词似乎有着诗的背景。 Scold 这个词在中世纪英语中第一次被记录在一部大约于1150年创作的作品中，它有可能源于斯堪的纳维亚语， 与skald 这个在冰岛古语中表示“诗人”的词有关。 中世纪英语中的scolde 实际上可能意为“吟游诗人”， 但对此没有肯定说法。然而，它在中世纪英语中的意思是“说脏话、辱骂人的人”和“悍泼的、好骂人的女人”，可能与skald 有关， 如一些起源于skald 的冰岛古词语的意思显示的那样。 例如，古冰岛语中的skaldskapr 其褒义为“诗”，但也有“诽谤性的诗”的意思, 而skald-stong 意思是“刻有诅咒或符咒的杆子”。 看来，诽谤、辱骂性的诗歌至少是一些诗人作品突出的部分并与诗人这种联系稳步地随斯堪的纳维亚语被借入英语中 |
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