| 单词 | shall |
| 释义 | shall[ʃæl]aux. 将 shall shall AHD: [sh²l] D.J. [.#l]K.K. [.#l]v.aux.（助动词） 过去式 should[sh‹d] 1. Used before a verb in the infinitive to show:用在动词之前以表示不定词2. Something that will take place or exist in the future:将要：将来就要发生或存在的某些事物：We shall arrive tomorrow.我们明天到3. Something, such as an order, a promise, a requirement, or an obligation:应该：某些事物，例如命令、承诺、要求或义务：You shall leave now. He shall answer for his misdeeds. The penalty shall not exceed two years in prison.你现在该离开了。他应当为他的错误行为负责。惩罚不应超过两年监禁4. The will to do something or have something take place:会：做某事或使某事发生的愿望：I shall go out if I feel like it.如果我想去，我会出去的5. Something that is inevitable:一定：不可避免的某事：That day shall come.那一天总会来的6. Archaic 【古语】 7. To be able to.能够8. To have to; must.不得不；必须语源:1. Middle English shal 中古英语 shal 2. from Old English sceal * see skel- 2源自 古英语 sceal *参见 skel- 2用法:1. The traditional rules for usingshall and will prescribe a highly complicated pattern of use in which the meanings of the forms change according to the person of the subject.In the first person,shall is used to indicate simple futurity: 使用shall 及 will 的传统规则规定了一个十分复杂的使用形式， 其形式的含义根据主语人称而改变。在第一人称中，shall 用于表示简单的未来事件： I shall (not &I{will} ) &I{have to buy another ticket.} 我将（不用 will ) 不得不再买一张票。 2. In the second and third persons,the same sense of futurity is expressed bywill : 在第二人称及第三人称中，同样的未来事件意义由will 表达： You will (not &I{shall} ) &I{probably encounter some heavy seas when you round the point.} 当你绕行这个地点时，你将（不用 shall ) 很可能遇到一些汹涌海域。 3. The use ofwill in the first person and of shall in the second and third may express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context.ThusI will leave tomorrow indicates that the speaker is determined to leave; 单词will 在第一人称及 shall 在用于第二、三人称时， 根据上下文可能表达的决定、承诺、义务或允许这样。这样我明天要走 这句话表明说话者决定离开； You and she shall leave tomorrow is likely to be interpreted as a command. 你和她明天将离开则特别象是一个命令。 4. The sentenceYou shall have your money expresses a promise (“I will see that you get your money”), whereasYou will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules.But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as “the English of the English” (as opposed to that of the Scots and Irish), and even there it has always been subject to variation.Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers, the distinction is largely alien to the modern American idiom.In Americawill is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage, andshall itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as inShall we go? and to certain fixed expressions, such asWe shall overcome. Shall is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation,as inApplicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed bymust or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice ofshall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow (“I intend to leave”); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · Many earlier American writers observed the traditional distinction betweenshall and will, and some continue to do so.The practice cannot be called incorrect,though it may strike American ears as somewhat mannered.But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively,and Americans who essay ashall in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should 句子你将得到你的钱 表达了一种承诺（“我将保证你得到你的钱”）， 而你会得到你的钱 仅仅做出了简单预测。 这些至少是传统规则。但是这种用法上的区别仅局限于H·W·福勒所描述的“英格兰人的英语”（与苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的英语相对），即使在英格兰英语中它一直在变化。尽管经过几代美国学校教师的努力，这种区别对现代美国习惯用语仍是相当生疏的。在美国，will 被用来表达在英国用法中大多为 shall 保留的含义， 而shall 则限于第一人称疑问句式的提议， 如在我们该走了吧? 及某些固定表达中， 例如我们会克服的。 Shall 也用在正式文体中表示明确职责，如申请者应提供居留证明 ， 虽然这个意义也可用must 或 should 表达。 在口语中可以通过强调助动词shall 或 will ，如 我 将 于明天离开 （“我打算明天离开”）；或通过选择另一个助动词 must 或 have to ；或通过使用如 certainly 这样的副词来表达英国人用这两个词时的区别。 许多早期的美国作家注意到了shall 和 will 之间的传统区别， 而且一些人仍在继续这样做。这种用法不能被称作不正确，虽然美国人听起来有点矫揉造作的意味。但是这种区别对于那些不能通过母语了解它的人是困难的，而且在一个不熟悉的上下文中，试图用shall 的美国人很有可能犯错误， 因而在许多令人难堪的语言即被搞得一团糟的英式英语中出丑参见 should |
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