| 单词 | shrapnel |
| 释义 | shrapnel['ʃræpnəl]n. 零钱, 榴霰弹, 弹片 shrapnel shrap.nel AHD: [shr²p“n…l] D.J. [6.r#pn*l]K.K. [6.r#pn*l]n.（名词） 【复数】 shrapnel 1. An artillery shell containing metal balls fused to explode in the air above enemy troops.榴霰弹：一种军用炮弹，内装金属弹丸，由引信在敌方军队上空引爆2. The metal balls in such a weapon.榴霰弹丸：在这种武器中的金属弹丸3. Shell fragments from a high-explosive shell.弹片：高爆炸性炮弹的弹体碎片语源:After Henry Shrapnel (1761-1842), British army officer 源自亨利 夏普纳 （1761-1842年），英国军官 注释:Henry Shrapnel received no compensation for the invention named after him other than having his name live on in connection with it.This deadly artillery shell, invented by Shrapnel, a British artillery officer, in his spare time and at his own expense,was given its first test in South America during the British seizure of part of Suriname (1799-1802),but shrapnel came into its own during the Peninsular War (1808-1814) between Great Britain, Spanish guerrillas, Portugal, and Napoleonic France.Shrapnel's shell was first officially called thespherical case shot, but it seems that early on it was called theshrapnel shell as well (first recorded in 1806), and this was the name eventually adopted by the British army.The wordshrapnel came to be used by itself as a collective noun, and even though the shrapnel shell is no longer used,people have for some time (first recorded in 1940) called the fragments from a shell, mine, or bombshrapnel, thus ensuring the continued existence, if not the immortality, of Henry Shrapnel's name.亨利·宣普纳因这种以其名字命名的发明，除了他的名字跟这种发明联系在一起以外他一无所获。宣普纳是一位英国炮兵军官，这种致命的武器是他在闲暇时间自筹经费发明的。它的首次试用是在南美洲英国占领部分苏里南领土期间（1799-1802年）进行的，但在大布列颠、西班牙游击队、葡萄牙及拿破仑统治下的法国几方之间进行的半岛战争期间（1804-1814年），榴霰弹开始使用。一开始宣普纳的这种炮弹被官方称作霰弹 。 但这之前似乎被称为shrapnel shell （最早记录于1806年）。 这一名字最终被英国陆军采用。shrapnel 一词被用作一集合名词， 虽然榴霰弹已不再使用了，但有一段时期人们把弹丸、地雷或炸弹的碎片也称为shrapnel （最早记录于1940年）， 这样就确保了亨利·宣普纳的名字得以继续存在，即使不能永存的话 |
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