| 单词 | syphilis |
| 释义 | syphilis['sifilis]n. 梅毒【医】 梅毒 syphilis syph.i.lis AHD: [s¹f“…-l¹s] D.J. [6s!f*l!s]K.K. [6s!f*l!s]n.（名词）A chronic infectious disease caused by a spirochete(Treponema pallidum), either transmitted by direct contact, usually in sexual intercourse, or passed from mother to child in utero, and progressing through three stages characterized respectively by local formation of chancres, ulcerous skin eruptions, and systemic infection leading to general paresis. 梅毒：一种慢性传染病，由螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体） 引起，或通常由性交时的直接接触传染，或由母亲传染给子宫内的婴儿。它经过三个阶段，症状分别为局部下疳形成，皮肤溃疡和一般导致局部瘫痪的全身感染 语源:1. New Latin 现代拉丁语 2. from Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus [“Syphilis, or the French Disease,” title of a poem by Girolamo Fracastoro (1478?-1553)] 源自 Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus [“梅毒，或法国疾病”，是吉罗拉莫·弗拉卡斯特罗（1487?-1553年）写的一首诗的题目] 3. from Syphilus [the poem's protagonist] 源自 Syphilus [该诗的主人公] 注释:In 1530 Girolamo Fracastoro, a physician, astronomer, and poet of Verona,published a poem entitled “Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus,” translated as “Syphilis, or the French Disease.” In Fracastoro's poem the name of this dreaded venereal disease is an altered form of the hero's name,Syphilus. The hero, a shepherd, is supposed to have been the first victim of the disease. Where the nameSyphilus itself came from is not known for certain, but it has been suggested that Fracastoro borrowed the name from Ovid'sMetamorphoses. In Ovid's work Sipylus (spelledSiphylus in some manuscripts) is the oldest son of Niobe, who lived not far from Mount Sipylon in Asia Minor.Fracastoro's poem about Syphilus was modeled on the story of Niobe.Although the etymology involving Sipylus was known to the editors of theOxford English Dictionary, it was not accepted as their last word on the subject.C.T. Onions, one of the dictionary's editors, writing in theOxford Dictionary of English Etymology, says that “ Syphilus [the shepherd's name] is of unkn[own] origin.” Fracastoro went on to use the termsyphilis again in his medical treatise De Contagione, published in 1546. The word that Fracastoro used in Latin was eventually borrowed into English, being first recorded in 1718.1530年，吉罗拉莫·弗拉卡斯特罗，一位医生，天文学家，也是维罗纳的诗人，发表了名为“Syphius, sive Morbus Gallicus”的诗，译作“梅毒，或法国疾病”。在弗拉卡斯特罗的诗中，这种可怕的性病的名字是主人公名字 Syphilus（西弗乐斯） 的变体。 主人公是一名牧羊人，据认为是该病的第一个受害者。 Syphilus（西弗乐斯） 这一名字本身的来源并不明确， 但有人认为弗拉卡斯特罗是从奥维德的变形记 中借用的。 在奥维德的作品中，西皮卢斯（Sipylus）（有些版本写作Siphylus ）是尼俄柏的大儿子， 他住在小亚细亚的锡皮劳恩山附近。弗拉卡斯特罗的有关西弗乐斯的诗是以尼俄柏的故事为原型的。尽管牛津英语词典 的编者们知道有关西弗乐斯的词源， 这种词源解释还没有被最终确认下来。该词典的编者之一，C·T·奥尼恩斯在牛津英语词源 中写道“ 西弗乐斯 的词源不详”。 在弗拉卡斯特罗发表于1546年的医学论文传染病 中，他继续用 梅毒 这一词语。 弗拉卡斯特罗用的这一拉丁语词是终被借用进英语，其最早的记录出现于1718年 |
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