| 单词 | phonograph |
| 释义 | phonograph['fəunəgrɑ:f]n. 留声机, 电唱机vi. 用留声机灌音, 用留声机放音【医】 留声机 phonograph pho.no.graph AHD: [f½“n…-gr²f”] D.J. [6f*&n*7gr#f]K.K. [6fon*7gr#f]n.（名词）A machine that reproduces sound by means of a stylus in contact with a grooved rotating disk.留声机、唱机：通过与有磁道的、转动的唱盘连在一起的唱针来发声的机器继承用法:pho”nograph“ic adj.（形容词）pho”nograph“ically adv.（副词）注释:In considering the makeup of the wordphonograph or the related word gramophone, one has no difficulty understanding why they containphono- or -phone, both going back to Greekph½n¶, “sound, voice.” Why, however, do these words contain-graph and gram-, which have to do with writing, going back to Greekgraphein, “to write,” and Greek gramma, “something written, letter of the alphabet,” respectively? Gramophone is in fact simply an inversion of the earlier phonogram, the more important word to explain therefore.Bothphonogram and phonograph were first used to denote characters that represented speech sounds, phonograph being found in such a use earlier (1835-1840) than phonogram (1860). But in the second half of the 19th centurysounds were reproduced in ways other than writing.The earliest device to be called aphonograph was a machine that picked up sound vibrations by means of a membrane and recorded them with a point that traced them on a cylinder. Thomas Edison's famous device was also known as thephonograph (first reference found in 1877, the year of its invention);it too used the principle of tracing sound on a cylinder.After this the wordphonogram, probably under the influence of the word telegram, was used to refer to a sound recording made by a phonograph (first such use found in 1879), and in 1884 thegramophone, whose name was formed by inverting the term phonogram, was patented by Emile Berliner. 在考虑phonograph 这个词的构成或相关的词 gramophone 时， 人们并不难理解为什么它们包含有phono- 或者 -phone， 两者都追溯到希腊语的phone “声音，声响。” 然而，为什么这些词包含-graph 和 gram- 则与写字有关， 并分别可追溯到希腊语相应的graphein “写”和希腊语 gramma “写的一些东西，字母表中的字母”呢? Gramophone 实际上仅是早期词汇 phonograph 的变形， 因此这才是需要解释的更重要的词。phonogram 和 phonograph 最初都是用来表示代表语音的字符， phonograph (1835-1840年）比 phonogram (1860年）更早用于这种用法。 但到了19世纪下半叶，声音可以通过除去书写的途经来复制了。最早叫做phonograph 的仪器是一种通过薄膜来测量声音震动同时通过一根针将其复写在滚筒上以记录下来的机器。 托马斯·爱迪生的著名仪器发明也作为phonograph 为人们广为所知 (1877首次提及，即其发明的同年）；也应用了将声音复写在滚筒上的原理。从这以后，phonogram 这个词可能是受单词 telegram 的影响而用来指通过留声机(1879年被发现首次使用该意）记录下来的声音， 并且在1884年gramophone 被埃米尔·柏林尔申请了专利，其名字是通过转化单词 phonogram 而形成 |
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