单词 | bureaucracy |
释义 | bureaucracy[bjuə'rɒkrəsi]n. 官僚, 官吏【法】 官僚主义, 官僚政治, 官僚机构 bureaucracy bu.reauc.ra.cy AHD: [by‹-r¼k“r…-s¶] D.J. [bj&6rKkr*si8]K.K. [bj&6r$kr*si]n.(名词) 【复数】 bu.reauc.ra.cies 1. Administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or departments staffed with nonelected officials.行政系统:主要通过有未经挑选的官员的政府机关局或处进行的行政管理2. The departments and their officials as a group:官僚:部门和其官员作为一整体的总称:promised to reorganize the federal bureaucracy.发誓整顿联邦官僚作风3. Management or administration marked by diffusion of authority among numerous offices and adherence to inflexible rules of operation:官僚主义:一种以在众多机构中拥有权威地位,并且固守着不变规则办事为特点的处理或管理:“knew something about bureaucracy and those nameless, faceless forces that can crush the life's blood from the individual”(&b{Rollene W. Saal})“了解一些关于官僚主义和那些无名的、无特征的,并能够将生命的原动力从个体中挤压出来的力量的情况”(罗里尼W.萨尔)4. An administrative system in which the need or inclination to follow complex procedures impedes effective action:官僚制度:一套行政制度,需要或倾向于一个复杂的过程从而阻碍有效行动的行政制度:innovative ideas that get bogged down in red tape and bureaucracy.陷入繁文缛节和官僚制度中的创新方法语源:1. French bureaucratie 法语 bureaucratie 2. bureau [office] * see bureau bureau [办公室] *参见 bureau3. -cratie [rule] from Old French * see -cracy -cratie [规则,规章] 源自 古法语 *参见 -cracy |
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